¿Como son las redes de los individuos en situación de pobreza en el Brasil urbano?

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación reciente sobre las redes sociales de individuos pobres que viven en Sao Paulo, Brasil. La investigación ha levantado y analizado las redes de 209 individuos pobres que habitan siete espacios de la ciudad sometidos a distintos grados de segregación residencial, así como treintaindividuos de la clase media. El presente trabajo presenta las principales características de las redes, así como explora el patrón de intensa variabilidad observada en las redes, incluso entre los individuos pobres. Los resultados indican la existencia de patrones claros de variación de las redes según su tamaño, estructura e inserción urbana, además de la sociabilidad que contienen, lo que permitió la construcción de una tipología de las redes y de las sociabilidades. La asociación entre segregación social en el espacio y las redes refuta la existencia de efectos directos de la primera sobre las segundas, pero sugiere que las redes efectivamente pueden conectar una parcela de los individuos espacialmente aislados por la segregación, aunque sólo en el caso de una parte reducida de las personas en situación de pobrezaThis article presents the results of a recent investigation on social networks of poor individuals who live in São Paulo, Brazil. The research analyzed the networks of 209 individuals in poverty who live in seven different locations of the city and are submitted to several degrees of urban segregation, as well as 30 middle-class individuals. This article presents the main characteristics of the networks, as well as explores their intense variability according to size, structure, urban integration and the sociability in which they are embedded, leading to the construction of typologies of networks and of sociabilities. The association between social segregation in space and networks is not direct, although suggests that the networks can really connect a part of the individuals who are spatially isolated by segregation, even if this effect impacts only a part of the individuals in povert

Pobreza, sociabilidade e tipos de redes sociais em São Paulo e Salvador

L’autore presenta i risultati di una sua ricerca sulle rete sociali e sulla sociabilità in situazioni di povertà urbana nelle città di São Paulo e di Salvador, dando seguito ad un’anteriore indagine condotta su 209 reti attive nella sola città di São Paulo. La comparazione tra i resultati precedenti e quelli relativi alle 153 reti presenti nella capitale baiana, contesto metropolitano, sociale ed economico molto diverso, rafforza il significato dei modelli ottenuti e specifica i diversi elementi ancora non evidenziati. Le risultanze indicano la presenza di una solida tipologia di reti e di sociabilità nella maggioranza dei casi studiati.El autor presenta los resultados sobre las redes sociales y la sociabilidad de individuos en situación de pobreza urbana en las ciudades de Sao Paulo y Salvador, dando continuidad a los resultados obtenidos anteriormente con 209 redes en la primera metrópolis. La comparación de los resultados encontrados antes con los de las 153 redes de la capital de Bahía, su contexto metropolitano, social y económico muy distinto, aumentan la robustez de los patrones obtenidos, así como especifican diversos elementos aun no destacados. El resultado del análisis indica la presencia de tipos consistentes de redes y de sociabilidad que abarcan la gran mayoría de los casos estudiados.The author presents the results of his research on social networks and sociability in situations of urban poverty in the cities of São Paulo and Salvador, following a previous survey of 209 networks in the city of São Paulo. The comparison between the previous results and those related to 153 networks in the Bahian capital – of quite a different metropolitan, social and economical context – reinforces the significance of the obtained models and specify the various elements to be focused on. The results indicate the presence of a solid type of networks and sociability in the majority of cases studied

The role of space in urban housing market

This presentation emphasizes the quantitative analysis of space in relation to hedonic housing price models. Three aspects of space will be highlighted: i) spatial heterogeneity (spatial patterns): hedonic housing amenities may be valued differently in different locations which are related to specific housing sub-markets; ii) spatial dependence (spillovers): the degree by which price increases (or decreases) in a given sub-market is influenced by other sub-markets, or by another property within the same sub-market. iii) spatial scale: the study of heterogeneity and spillovers crucially depends on the level of geographical scale at which submarkets are defined. In the literature the difficulty of defining sub-markets and understanding the relationship between them is broadly identified, and appropriate methods for defining housing markets are also presented. However, there is not a consensus on which methodologies should be used. As a contribution to understand spatial structure (heterogeneity and spillovers) in urban spaces some empirical results will be presented. A new methodology to analyse spatial spillovers [rather than an ex ante definition of a spatial weight matrix (W)] will be developed. This procedure based on non-parametric approach will be applied to a rich database. An interesting outcome of this methodology is possibility of finding meaningful values of negative interaction.

Being Creative in Vincentian Leadership: The Case of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul

The purpose of this paper is to present an example of an international society based on Vincentian leadership principles which has been in existence for 180 years. I intend to introduce my concept of a model of Vincentian leadership and present an overview and evolution of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul (SVdP). Subsequently, an analysis of the adequacy of the Society as a model of Vincentian leadership is offered, articulating the sustainability of the Society based on this model. Finally, based on the SVdP experience, some recommendations are proposed to DePaul University’s project on Vincentian leadership

Spatial Interactions in Hedonic Pricing Models:The Urban Housing Market of Aveiro, Portugal

Spatial heterogeneity, spatial dependence and spatial scale constitute key features of spatial analysis of housing markets. However, the common practice of modelling spatial dependence as being generated by spatial interactions through a known spatial weights matrix is often not satisfactory. While existing estimators of spatial weights matrices are based on repeat sales or panel data, this paper takes this approach to a cross-section setting. Specifically, based on an a priori definition of housing submarkets and the assumption of a multifactor model, we develop maximum likelihood methodology to estimate hedonic models that facilitate understanding of both spatial heterogeneity and spatial interactions. The methodology, based on statistical orthogonal factor analysis, is applied to the urban housing market of Aveiro, Portugal at two different spatial scales

Continuous Quantum Error Correction Through Local Operations

We propose local strategies to protect global quantum information. The protocols, which are quantum error correcting codes for dissipative systems, are based on environment measurements, direct feedback control and simple encoding of the logical qubits into physical qutrits whose decaying transitions are indistinguishable and equally probable. The simple addition of one extra level in the description of the subsystems allows for local actions to fully and deterministically protect global resources, such as entanglement. We present codes for both quantum jump and quantum state diffusion measurement strategies and test them against several sources of inefficiency. The use of qutrits in information protocols suggests further characterization of qutrit-qutrit disentanglement dynamics, which we also give together with simple local environment measurement schemes able to prevent distillability sudden death and even enhance entanglement in situations in which our feedback error correction is not possible.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.